そして Japanese Grammar Lesson
Grammar Type: Conjunction
Essential Meaning: And / And then
Construction:
- Sentence 1. そして Sentence 2.
- E.g. 食べる。そして寝る。[X eats. And then X sleeps.]
- Verb て-Form + そして + Sentence 2.
- E.g. 食べて、そして寝る。[X eats. And then X sleeps.]
Notes:
- そして is a conjunction that is used to connect two sentences. It translates to “And” or “And then“. It is often used to enumerate actions and qualities. そして originated from そうして, but there is an important difference between the そして and そうして in modern Japanese. Namely, そして can ONLY be used as a conjunction, but そうして can be used conjunctively (i.e. “And“) OR adverbially (i.e. “In that way“).
- E.g. そうして直すんですか。[Do you fix it in that way?] In this example, そうして is used adverbially. そして would be unacceptable here.
- E.g. この道具はそうして使います。[This tool is used in that way.] In this example, そうして is used adverbially again. そして would be unacceptable here.
- そして can be replaced by or used in conjunction with the verb て-Form. However, it can sound awkward to combine そして with the て-Form because it feels redundant to have two words that both mean “And” in the same sentence.
- E.g. 今日は東京に行って、そして友達に会いました。[Today I went to Tokyo, and then I met my friend.] In this example, it is redundant to have both the て-Form AND そして, but it is grammatical.
Example Sentences:
今日は東京に行った。そして友達に会った。[Today I went to Tokyo. And then I met my friend.]
昨日は朝ゴルフをしました。そして午後はテニスをしました。[Yesterday morning I played golf. And then I played tennis in the afternoon.]
この映画はつまらない。そして長すぎる。[This movie is boring. And it’s too long.]
この花はきれいです。そして安いです。[This flower is beautiful. And it’s inexpensive.]
WILD Examples:
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